Calculator – A portable electronic device used to conduct calculations ranging from basic arithmetic to sophisticated mathematics is what an electronic calculator is.
In the early 1960s, the first solid-state electronic calculator was developed. Pocket-sized devices became available in the 1970s, particularly after Intel built the Intel 4004, the first microprocessor, for the Japanese calculator manufacturer Busicom. They were later widely used in the petroleum industry (oil and gas).
Modern electronic calculators range from low-cost, credit-card-sized versions to heavy-duty desktop units with built-in printers. They gained popularity in the mid-1970s when integrated circuits lowered their size and cost. By the end of that decade, prices had decreased to the point where most people could buy a simple calculator, and they were widely used in schools.
Interactive calculator programs such as dc and hoc have been included in computer operating systems since early Unix, and calculator functions are included in practically all personal digital assistant (PDA) type devices, with the exception of a few specialised address book and dictionary devices.
There are calculators developed for specialized markets in addition to general purpose calculators.
Scientific calculators, for example, can do trigonometric and statistical computations.
Some calculators can even perform computer algebra.
Graphing calculators can plot functions specified on the real line or in higher-dimensional Euclidean space.
Basic calculators are inexpensive in 2016, but scientific and graphing devices are more expensive.
With the widespread availability of smartphones, tablet computers, and personal computers, dedicated hardware calculators are becoming less frequent.
Calculators still accounted for an estimated 41 percent of the world’s general-purpose hardware capacity to compute information in 1986.
By 2007, this figure had dropped to less than 0.05 percent.
Table of Contents
Internal operations
A basic electronic calculator, in general, comprises of the following components:
- Power supply (mains power, battery, and/or solar cell)
- Keypad (input device) – is made up of keys that are used to enter numbers and function commands (addition, multiplication, square-root, etc.)
- Output device (display panel) – displays input numbers, commands, and outcomes.
Each digit in a simple calculator is represented by seven segments on liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), vacuum fluorescent displays (VFDs), and light-emitting diode (LED) displays.
Dot matrix displays may be used in advanced calculators.
- A printing calculator, in addition to a display panel, features a printing unit that uses a printing mechanism to print results in ink onto a roll of paper.
- Processor microchip (microprocessor or central processing unit).
Calculator Use
This is a rudimentary calculator with memory functions similar to those found on a small pocket calculator.
Use this online simple calculator for addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication.
This standard calculator’s memory and clear functions are listed below.
| MC | MR | M− | M+ |
| C | ± | % | √ |
| 7 | 8 | 9 | ÷ |
| 4 | 5 | 6 | × |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | − |
| 0 | . | = | + |
- mc = Memory Clear
- m+ = Memory Plus
- m- = Memory Minus
- mr = Memory Recall
- CE = Clear Entry
- AC = All Clear
- √x = Square Root
- +/- = Plus/Minus
- π = Pi
- x² = Square:
- R2 = Round to 2 Decimals
- R0 = Round to 0 Decimals
- % = Percent
- Delete/Backspace –> deletes one character at a time from the right end of the display.
Until you enter m+ or m-, the calculator memory is set to 0. When you press m+, the number on the display is added to the number stored in the calculator’s memory. When you press m-, the number on the display is subtracted from the number stored in the calculator’s memory. To retrieve the number from the calculator’s memory, press mr. To clear the memory, type mc.
To clean out the current computation, use AC. Clear the most recent entry with CE. If the AC key is not visible, press CE and then AC to clear your computation.
Calculator Operations
This basic online calculator resembles a small handheld calculator and has the standard four functions for addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication.
It features keys for percent, square, square root, and pi, as do other 4-function calculators.
This basic calculator has a decimal precision of up to ten digits and the following functions:
- mc = Memory Clear: clear calculator memory
- m+ = Memory Plus: add displayed value to memory
- m- = Memory Minus: subtract displayed value from memory
- mr = Memory Recall: display the memory value
- CE = Clear Entry: clear current display value, changes to AC
- AC = All Clear: clear all and start a new operation
- √x = Square Root: take the square root of the displayed value and display it
- +/- = Plus/Minus: change the sign of the displayed value from positive to negative or vice versa
- π = pi: display the value of π as 3.141592654 to use in a calculation
- x² = Square: square the displayed value and display it
- R2 = Round to 2 decimals: round the current display value to 2 decimal places such as in money or currency format
- R0 = Round to 0 decimals: round off the current display value to 0 decimal places
- % = Percent: use displayed value to calculate a percentage
Accessible Calculator Features
Zoom: Use your browser’s zoom option to enlarge the calculator in your browser. The calculator, text, and buttons all vary in proportion.
Touch Screen Zoom: Use your fingers to zoom in on the calculator on your touch screen. The calculator, text, and buttons all vary in proportion.
Text Size: In some browsers, such as Chrome desktop, you can modify the text size in the browser settings, and the calculator, text, and buttons will grow or shrink proportionally.
Keyboard Control: Tabbing among the calculator keys allows you to use the calculator without a mouse. When a key is focused, press “Enter.” However, this method is time-consuming because you must tab over all keys in sequence.
Number Keypad Control: You may use the calculator with most popular browsers’ Number Pads and Keyboards for numbers, clear, and the fundamental functions of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as delete/backspace.
Calculating Percentages
- When you press [=], Multiplication and Division will convert the displayed value to a percent in decimal form and complete the operation.
- For instance, find 20% of 25.
- Enter 25 x 20% and the display changes from 20% to 0.2
- Enter = to finish the computation 25 x 0.2 = 5. The display shows answer number five.
- Addition and subtraction will add or subtract the percentage of a value; for example, add 20% to 25%.
- Enter 25 + 20% and the display changes to 5. (5 represents 20% of 25)
- Enter to finish the computation 25 + 5 Equals 30. The display shows the answer 30.
- Calculation of Taxes
- As an example, apply 6% tax to a $851 purchase.
- Enter 851 + 6% to update the display to 51.06. (51.06 represents 6% of 851)
- Type = to finish the calculation 851 + 51.06 = 902.06. The display shows the answer 902.06.
- Please keep in mind that for other issues, you may receive a solution with more than two decimal places. To round off to dollars and cents, press the R2 key. To round off to only dollars, use R0.
Time Card Calculator
On a daily, weekly, or monthly basis, a time card calculator keeps track of work hours, breaks, and remuneration. It allows for many breaks per day and can subtract breaks from your final number of hours worked.
For each work session, enter the clock-in and clock-out times. A colon: can be used between the hours and minutes, although it is not essential. This calculator understands that an entry like 855 denotes 8:55.
Print time card reports with employee names, dates, and other notes for your records. This configurable time card calculator allows you to alter the settings to fit your display preferences and payroll reporting requirements.
Among the options are:
- Military time clock format: 12 hour or 24 hour
- Display or conceal am/pm
- Pay period weeks: 1, 2, 3, or a whole month
- Working days each week
- Number of work and break/lunch periods each day 6. Hourly wage
- Compute overtime using pay premiums such as time and half or double time.
- Overtime after a certain number of hours per day or week;
- Overtime after 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week; and
- California overtime calculator for California Overtime Laws.
Our employee time clock calculator converts time clocks from hours and minutes to decimal time automatically. With the 24 hour military time clock option, it may also compute military time for payroll. In the calculator options, you can define how to round decimal hours.
Payroll administrators can compute employee time card hours and minutes worked per pay period or week. To keep or distribute time card reports, print or email them.
How to Use the Time Card Calculator
- Enter numbers for times in the Time Card Calculator. You don’t need a colon: or a period, although you can if you like.
- To navigate input fields, use Tab on your computer or Next on your mobile device.
- Save one day at a time? Enter your inputs and then click Calculate & Save.
- Your times are still there when you return. Cookies must be allowed to save data in your browser.
- Select Settings to modify your time card settings.
- Email / URL
- Print / PDF Get a link to your time card to send or share Prints or saves your time card report as a PDF.
- Complete Time Card Clears the cookies in your browser. This will delete all hours, rates, names, and dates. Your settings will not be changed. For further information, see Privacy Policy: Cookies.
This free time card calculator is also available for mobile devices.
It functions similarly to an iPhone or Android app in that it automatically adjusts to the screen size of your mobile device.
Calculators Compared to Computers
The primary distinction between a calculator and a computer is that a computer can be programmed to take multiple branches based on intermediate results, whereas calculators are pre-designed with certain operations (such as addition, multiplication, and logarithms) built in.
The distinction is not clear: some programmable calculators feature programming functions, and some even support programming languages (such as RPL or TI-BASIC).
For example, instead of a hardware multiplier, a calculator might execute floating point mathematics with code in read-only memory (ROM) and compute trigonometric functions using the CORDIC method because CORDIC requires less multiplication. Because a bit serial design reduces semiconductor complexity but requires many more clock cycles, it is more frequent in calculators, whereas bit parallel designs dominate general-purpose computers. High-end calculators use processor chips associated with computer and embedded systems design, specifically the Z80, MC68000, and ARM architectures, as well as certain unique designs specialized for the calculator industry.
How to Use an Android Calculator
Activating Android Calculator
• From the home screen, open the ‘App Drawer.’
• From the ‘App Drawer,’ select the calculator app.
Making Use of the Calculator
Fill up the blanks with whichever computation you require.
You can also correct any errors by clicking “delete” (‘C’ Button).
- To access further options, click the menu button and select “Advanced Panel.”
or swipe left to right to open the scientific calculator
Some of the more complex stock Android calculators can also be switched to scientific calculator mode by swiping.
- Carry out any sophisticated calculations utilizing operations such as cos and tan.
Which calculator is the best?
Top Scientific Calculators for 2022
- Casio FX-991EX Classwiz. …
- Casio FX-991ES Plus-2nd Edition Scientific Calculator. …
- Casio FX-82ES Plus 2nd Edition – Non-Programmable Scientific Calculator, 252 Functions. …
- Casio FX-991MS 2nd Gen Non-Programmable Scientific Calculator, 401 Functions and 2-line Display.
What is the best calculator online?
The 6 Best Online Scientific Calculators
- web2. 0calc.
- Desmos Graphing Calculator.
- Good Calculators.
- Symbolab.
- WolframAlpha.
- Calculator.net.
Which free calculator is best?
Best Free Android Calculator Apps and Widgets
- Calculator by Google.
- Calculator ++
- Desmos Graphing Calculator.
- RealCalc Scientific Calculator.
- ClevCalc – Calculator.
- Financial Calculators.
- CalcNote – Notepad Calculator.
- HiPER Scientific Calculator.
What is the best calculator in the world?
Whether you’re a student, engineer, or medical professional, these are the best scientific calculators out there.
- Best Overall: Texas Instruments TI-36X Pro Engineering/Scientific Calculator
- Runner-Up, Best Overall: Casio FX-115ES Plus Engineering/Scientific Calculator
- Best Value: Texas Instruments TI-30X IIS 2-Line Scientific Calculator
- Runner-Up, Best Value: Casio FX-300MS Scientific Calculator
- Best Entry-Level: Casio FX-260 Scientific Calculator
- Best for Professionals: HP 35s Scientific Calculator
- Best Features: Texas Instruments TI-30XS MultiView Scientific Calculator
- Best Display: Sharp Calculators EL-W516TBSL Advanced Scientific Calculator
Calculators of Various Types
Mortgage Calculator
The Mortgage Calculator assists in calculating the monthly payment due as well as other financial charges linked with mortgages. Extra payments or annual percentage increases in common mortgage-related fees are available. The calculator is primarily intended for use by inhabitants of the United States.
Calorie Calculator
The Calorie Calculator can be used to estimate how many calories a person should consume per day. This calculator can also provide some basic weight-gain or weight-loss advice.
Hour Calculator
To find the amount of hours and minutes between two times, use the calculators below. Please use the Time Card Calculator to generate a comprehensive time card.
Loan Payment Calculator
The loan payment calculator divides your principal balance by month and applies the interest rate you supply.
We cover amortization behind the scenes because this is a simple loan payment calculator.
Please explore our more thorough calculator if you like a loan payment calculator that goes into detailed data (such as amortization).
Other calculator kinds are given below.
Please keep in mind that we used cal instead of calculator here.
- Bmi Cal
- Auto Loan Cal
- Car Loan Cal
- Car Payment Cal
- Gpa Cal
- Grade Cal
- Loan Cal
- Percentage Cal
- Algebra Cal
- Compound Interest Cal
- Date Cal
- Time Cal
- Calculadora
- Calorie Cal
- Derivative Cal
- Due Date Cal
- Fraction Cal
- Graphing Cal
- Inflation Cal
- Paycheck Cal
- Scientific Cal
- Tip Cal
- Desmos Cal
- Integral Cal
FAQs
In 1885, who invented the calculator?
Burroughs, William Seward (1857-1898): Burroughs received his first patent for a calculating machine in 1885. His 1892 patent, on the other hand, was for an enhanced calculating machine with an extra printer. Burroughs Adding Machine Company, which he established in St.
Is there a calculator available on Google?
The Google Calculator is a basic calculator, but it’s well-designed and straightforward to use. There are basic trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions, as well as add, subtract, multiply, and divide. There’s even an Android Wear version.
How do I reclaim my Cal.culator app?
To restore it, navigate to Settings > Applications > Application Manager > Disabled Apps. From there, you may enable it.
How can I restore the calculator icon on my iPhone?
Swipe up from the bottom of your iPhone screen to open the Control Center if your iPhone has a home button.
Swipe down from the upper right corner of your iPhone if it lacks a Home button.
The calculator will be returned to its rightful location.
Does the iPhone include a calculator?
You can use the regular calculator to conduct basic arithmetic calculations in the Calculator app.
For exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions, use the scientific calculator.
Siri: “What is 74 times 9?” or “What is 18% of 225?” for example. Ask Siri on your iPhone.
Is the Apple calculator reliable?
The Best iPhone, iPad, and Apple Watch Calculator Apps
While the iPhone’s built-in calculator is fantastic for simple day-to-day use, it falls short when it comes to more sophisticated calculations.
What is MC in calculator?
Memory and clear functions for this standard calculator are listed below. mc = Memory Clear. m+ = Memory Plus. m- = Memory Minus.
